Corrective Jaw Surgery

What is Corrective Jaw Surgery?

Corrective jaw surgery, also known as orthognathic surgery, is a procedure that corrects jaw alignment and positioning issues. This surgery can address problems with the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), or both. It is often performed in conjunction with orthodontic treatment to achieve optimal results.

Common Jaw Alignment Issues

Jaw alignment problems can manifest in various ways. An overbite occurs when the upper jaw protrudes too far forward, while an underbite happens when the lower jaw extends beyond the upper jaw. Open bite refers to a gap between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed, and crossbite occurs when the upper and lower jaws don't align properly from side to side.

Functional Problems Addressed

Corrective jaw surgery can resolve various functional issues. These include difficulty chewing or biting, speech problems, breathing difficulties, sleep apnea, and chronic jaw pain or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. The surgery can also improve the ability to close the lips properly and reduce excessive wear on teeth.

Aesthetic Benefits

Beyond functional improvements, corrective jaw surgery can significantly enhance facial appearance. It can improve facial symmetry, create a more balanced profile, and enhance the overall harmony of facial features. Many patients report increased self-confidence and satisfaction with their appearance following surgery.

Pre-Surgical Planning

Comprehensive planning is essential for successful corrective jaw surgery. This typically involves consultation with an oral surgeon and orthodontist, detailed imaging studies including X-rays and 3D scans, and computer modeling to plan the surgical movements. The treatment plan is customized to address each patient's specific needs and goals.

Orthodontic Preparation

Most patients require orthodontic treatment before and after jaw surgery. Pre-surgical orthodontics helps align the teeth properly within each jaw, preparing them for the surgical repositioning. Post-surgical orthodontics fine-tunes the final alignment and ensures optimal function and appearance.

Surgical Procedure

Corrective jaw surgery is performed under general anesthesia in a hospital setting. The surgeon makes incisions inside the mouth to access the jawbones, then carefully cuts and repositions the bones according to the treatment plan. Small plates and screws are used to secure the bones in their new position. The procedure typically takes 2-4 hours.

Recovery Process

Recovery from corrective jaw surgery involves several phases. Initially, patients may experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort. A liquid or soft food diet is required for several weeks. Most patients can return to normal activities within 2-4 weeks, though complete healing and final results may take several months.

Potential Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, corrective jaw surgery carries some risks. These can include bleeding, infection, nerve damage, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. There is also a small risk of relapse, where the jaw gradually moves back toward its original position. However, with proper planning and execution, these risks are minimized.

Long-term Results

The results of corrective jaw surgery are typically permanent and can significantly improve quality of life. Patients often experience better chewing function, improved speech, enhanced breathing, and increased self-confidence. Regular follow-up care helps ensure the best long-term outcomes.

Candidacy for Surgery

Ideal candidates for corrective jaw surgery are typically adults whose jaw growth is complete. They should be in good general health and have realistic expectations about the procedure and recovery. A thorough evaluation by an oral surgeon and orthodontist helps determine if surgery is the right option for each individual.